There is no upper bound on the friction values used in the PhysX vehicles SDK. Although the maximum value of friction that obeys the laws of physics is 1.0, the PhysX vehicles SDK purposefully does not enforce this rule. One reason for this is that the vehicle model is far from a complete description of a real vehicle, meaning that some liberties need to be taken with friction values to generate the desired behavior. A more complete model would certainly provide greater accuracy given a specific set of vehicle parameters but it is not at all clear that it would provide a greater range of editable and controllable behaviors or have the performance characteristics required for games. Another reason that friction is not clamped at 1.0 is that games typically simulate the physics update at 60Hz. This comes at a cost to numerical accuracy, especially when there are a number of transient tire effects that require KHz update frequencies. One source of numerical accuracy is the amplitude of oscillation of the suspension, which is governed in turn by the distance that the vehicle falls under gravity between each update. At KHz update frequencies this simulation artifact is acceptably small, but not at 60Hz. The last reason is that there is simply no need to impose the strict rules of friction on the vehicles SDK. This can allow interesting behaviors to be generated that would perhaps be impossible when constrained by the laws of rigid body and tire dynamics. Having said all this, however, the implemented model simulated at 60Hz ought to have enough integrity that only small tweaks above 1.0 should be necessary. If very large friction values are required, say greater than 2.0, then it is likely that something is wrong with the update order or perhaps very unphysical vehicle data has been used.
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It is useful to note that all the above parameters have default value of zero; that is, independent of length scale they must always be set with measured values in the corresponding length scale if a legal vehicle is to be successfully instantiated.
Key to understanding the effect of spring strength is the concept of a spring's natural frequency. Consider a simple spring system, such as a pendulum swinging back and forth. The number of trips per second that the pendulum makes from full left to full right and then back again is called the natural frequency of the pendulum. A more powerful pendulum spring will result in the pendulum swinging faster, thereby increasing the natural frequency. Conversely, increasing the pendulum mass will result in a slower oscillation, thereby reducing the natural frequency.
These three values are used to compute the damping rate that is applied to the engine. If the clutch is engaged then the damping rate is an interpolation between mDampingRateFullThrottle and mDampingRateZeroThrottleClutchEngaged, where the interpolation is governed by the acceleration control value generated by the gamepad or keyboard. At full throttle mDampingRateFullThrottle is applied, while mDampingRateZeroThrottleClutchEngaged is applied at zero throttle. In neutral gear the damping rate is an interpolation between mDampingRateFullThrottle and mDampingRateZeroThrottleClutchDisengaged.
The H150i Pro pump unit draws power from an integrated SATA 12v adapter. A Micro-B to USB header cable is included to allow granular control of the H150i Pro pump and fans using the Corsair LINK software suite, although they can simply be controlled via motherboard PWM header. A triple, 4-pin ribbon cable protrudes from the pump to allow the three 120mm fans to be controlled with the LINK software or chosen PWM header. The Corsair branded acrylic pump top is ringed with RGB lighting and, as you may have guessed, also gets full customization within the LINK software UI.
We setup the H150i Pro in the top of our Corsair Graphite 760T case with all fans oriented to push and exhaust warm air through the top vents of the case, the same manner in which we test all AIO coolers. When it's finally mounted above our MSI X99S XPower AC ATX motherboard, you get the full sense of the sheer size of the H150i Pro.
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